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CHILDREN OF OTHER DAYS 












Little Baby Frederick 

By Barroccio 























CHILDREN OF 
OTHER DAYS 

NOTABLE PICTURES OF CHILDREN OF 
VARIOUS COUNTRIES AND TIMES 

AFTER PAINTINGS BY GREAT MASTERS 

WITH STORIES AND DESCRIPTIONS 

By N. HUDSON MOORE 








N E TV YORK- FREDERICK A. 

STOKES COMPANY - PUBLISHERS 



















Copyright, 1905, by 

FREDERICK A. STOKES COMPANY 
Published in October, 1905 



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PREFACE 


T HE advisability of training the young mind to become 
familiar with the best in both art and literature is 
every day becoming more appreciated. Set before the 
eyes the masterpieces that have been given to the world, 
and all unconsciously the taste will become trained to 
admire the pure lines, the sentiment that breathes through 
so many of these old works, conceived with the sobriety 
of spirit that was possible when life flowed with so much 
less rush than at the present day. 

The originals of the portraits presented here in many 
cases grew to fill great places in history, and it has been 
the aim of the writer to touch on these facts, so that they 
will become fixed in the youthful mind, and will be 
associated with the great painters who lived at the same 
time. 

There has been no attempt “ to point a moral 
and adorn a tale,” yet the fact has been pointed out that, 
though many of these children were born to great wealth 
and power, they were no happier, indeed less so, than if 


PREFACE 


their paths through life had led through lowlier fields. It 
is not always those who are of the “blood royal” who 
achieve the best in life. 

The pictures have been arranged in a rough chrono¬ 
logical order, and the date of the birth and death of both 
subject and artist have been given when possible. It is 
the purpose of the book to keep the stories that go with 
the pictures so simple that children of six can understand 
them, and at the same time to impart much information, 
and the book will be found a valuable aid to the teacher 
and parent. 



CONTENTS 


PAGE 

LITTLE BABY FREDERICK .. 9 

ANNA, ARCHDUCHESS OF AUSTRIA. IO 

DON GARZIA DE MEDICI.12 

CHILDREN AND DOG.14 

DON CARLOS OF SPAIN.16 

PORTRAIT OF A BOY.18 

PRINCESS ELEONORA.20 

FATHER AND SONS.22 

EDWARD VI OF ENGLAND.24 

LOUIS XIII, KING OF FRANCE AND NAVARRE ... 26 

PRINCE FREDERICK OF URBINO.28 

DON BALTASAR CARLOS.30 

INFANTA MARIA THERESA.32 

BLOWING BUBBLES.34 

CHILDREN OF CHARLES I OF ENGLAND . . . .36 

CHARLES II OF ENGLAND.38 

GEORGE VILLIERS, SECOND DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM, AND 

HIS BROTHER.40 

PORTRAIT OF A GIRL.42 

BOY AND DOG.44 

“UNKNOWN PRINCESSES”.46 

THE PRINCESS AND THE MARQUIS.48 

PORTRAIT OF A YOUNG GIRL. 5 o 

PRINCE RUPERT.52 

INFANT PHILIPP PROSPER. 54 

CHARLES-LOUIS OF FRANCE. 5 6 

vii 
















CONTEXTS 


PAGE 

PORTRAIT OF A CHILD.58 

JAMES STUART AND HIS SISTER.60 

THE ARTISTS SON'S.62 

MOTHER AXD CHILD.64 

CHARLES DE FRANCE AXD MARIE ADELAIDE . 66 

LOOS XYIL OF FRANCE. . 68 

NAPOLEON H. KING OF ROME.70 

ALEXAXDRIXA VICTORIA.72 

PHILIP SANSON, JUNIOR.74 

MARIANNA AUGUSTA COCKBURX.76 









LITTLE BABY FREDERICK 


T HIS baby was born in 1603 at Urbino in Italy, and 
as he was a little prince he had his portrait painted. 
They did not take photographs in those days; they 
did not know how, and when mamma wanted a picture of 
the baby,—and she almost always did want one, you know, 
—why she had some artist come and paint one. 

I think that this baby looks rather sad, and I do not 
wonder. Jnst think of being rolled up like that, not being 
able to kick your toes or move your arms for hours and 
hours, and besides that being laid flat on your back so you 
could scarcely see what was going on! Why, it must have 
been dreadful! 

These things that the baby has on were called swad¬ 
dling clothes, and all babies wore them, though for plain 
little babies, like you and me, they were not so grand as 
those in the picture. 

As if it was not bad enough to be made into a roly- 
poly and buttoned up tight, they have put a bed-spread 
over the baby to make him warmer yet. Perhaps he likes 
this, though, for I see flowers on it, and he could look at 
them, and they were worked in pretty colours, red, blue and 
yellow. The cradle seems strange, too, for there are no 
rockers on it. But maybe they only used this cradle for 
best or when his picture was being taken, and when nurse 
really put him to bed she used one that could rock. I 
hope so, don’t you ? 


9 


ANNA 


ARCHDUCHESS OF AUSTRIA 


L ITTLE ANNA is three years old. Her father was 
Ferdinand I, Archduke of Austria and Emperor of 
Germany. She lived a long time ago, and this 
picture was painted in 1530. 

She was a kind and gentle little girl, I am sure, for 
see how carefully she holds the bird in her two hands. I 
often look at that bird, with its sharp eye, and wonder if 
it was happy. Perhaps it was singing, for its beak is open. 
That is a strange cap Anna has on her head, with what 
look like beads dangling from it. They did not wear 
pigtails or curls in those days, and I suppose you would 
look as queer to Anna if she could have seen you as she 
looks to you. 

When Anna lived very few houses had glass in the 
windows. They used the skins of sheep without the wool 
on, or cloth which had been oiled, and some windows had 
only wooden shutters. The walls were not plastered, but 
were hung with great pieces of embroidery, called tapestry, 
which kept out the cold wind a little. They had no 
stoves, only fireplaces. There were no carpets on the 
floors, but they were strewed with rushes, and the mice 
often ran about through them. Although they used 
spoons to eat with, forks were hardly known till about 
one hundred years later. They had no china, very little 
glass, very few chairs. I am glad I did not live then. 
H ow do you feel about it ? 

10 



Anna , Archduchess of Austria, born I $2 J 

Portrait painted by Bartel Behan, born in Germany 1496, died 1540 



















DON GARZIA DE MEDICI 


D ID you ever see such a fat and merry little prince¬ 
ling? I don’t wonder that his father and mother 
wanted his picture painted, and he is just as cun¬ 
ning to-day as he was three hundred years ago. 

H is father was a very powerful lord, named Duke 
Cosimo I, of Florence, and as his possessions were so rich 
he was called Duke Cosimo, “The Great,” and during his 
reign many splendid artists lived, and famous writers came 
to live at Florence because Duke Cosimo liked to have 
them, and took care of them. He was a very successful 
soldier, too. 

When he came home from the wars how pleased he 
must have been to have found such a merry little boy in 
his home. I think little Garzia has only two teeth, for 
see, he is smiling so that he can show them, just the way 
that your baby brother or sister does. Look at the 
dimples in his fat hands, and he holds the bird quite care¬ 
fully,—don’t you think so ? 

That pretty chain about his neck holds his coral, and 
a little silver bell; on the coral he cut his teeth, and the 
bell tinkled with every step he took, so that when she no 
longer heard it nurse went to see what he was doing. 

He looks very roguish to me, and I think he used 
sometimes to run and hide, and then laugh when nurse 
found him behind the curtains, or when his brothers and 
sisters played with him. 



Don Garcia de Medici 


Painted by A. Bronzino, born about 1502, died 1572 













CHILDREN AND DOG 


T HE artist who painted this picture was born at Verona 
about 1528, but the exact year of his birth is not 
known. His name was Paolo Caliari, and when he 
grew to be a man he painted a great many beautiful pictures, 
so that the city of his birth became very proud of him and 
wished him to take its name. So after a time he dropped 
the Caliari, and called himself Paolo Veronese. Many 
artists when they became famous changed their names in 
different ways. Raphael Santi called himself just Raphael; 
then there was Ribera, who called himself “Lo Spagnoletto,” 
or “the Spaniard.” These are but a few of the many that 
you will learn about when you go to Europe and see all 
these wonderful pictures in the galleries where they hang. 

I do not wonder that the artist loved to paint these two 
girls and their dog. The little one who is looking into the 
dog’s face seems to be saying, “Dear Fido, I love you ever 
so much, for you are gentle and kind. Come, let us go 
and take a walk, and I will throw a stick in the brook for 
you to get.” 

Fido looks like a dog that likes to swim, but perhaps 
his name is Rover after all. Have you a dog? What is 
his name? 

A little girl told me the other day that she had a dog 
whose name was Easter, because he was born on Easter day. 
I wonder what she would have called him if he had been 
born on the Fourth of July. 


14 








Patti ted by Paolo Veronese, born 1528, died 1588 










DON CARLOS OF SPAIN 


T HIS little Prince was born in Spain, in 1545. His 
father was King of Spain, and this little boy would 
have been a king too, but he had a naughty temper, 
and as a result of giving way to it, he died in 1568. This 
is how it happened. As he was the eldest son of the King, 
he was called Crown Prince, and he was given great estates 
to govern, so that when he should rule all Spain, he should 
know how. 

When he had grown to be a young man, his father told 
the Duke of Alva, a great nobleman, that he should be 
appointed governor of the Netherlands, that is, Holland 
and Belgium. This made Don Carlos very angry, and he 
struck at the Duke of Alva with a dagger, right before his 
lather and all the rest of the nobles who made the court. 

Of course his father was much displeased, and before 
Don Carlos had a chance to escape from Spain as he 
planned to do, he was sent to prison. 

You may be sure it was very hard for a father to have 
to do such a thing as to send his son to prison, but he had to 
do it for the good of the country. Don Carlos died a few 
months after, in the prison, and no one ever knew just 
what it was that killed him. 

I think even in this picture, painted when he was a 
young boy, he has a sad face, don’t you ? Perhaps his 
temper troubled him, even then. A bad temper is an 
ugly thing. 


16 



Don Carlos of Spain, born 1545, died 1568 

Painted by Antonis de Moro , born at Utrecht IJI2, died 1578 




PORTRAIT OF A BOY 


T HIS picture was painted by that artist called Paolo 
Veronese, about whom I have told you before. 
The boy seems a solemn little chap. Perhaps he 
was learning to read, and though he could tell the little 
words, maybe he had to spell out the big ones. I know a 
little boy who has to do that, and he often asks me to 
make him a story with nothing but little words in it. This 
little boy of the picture was an Italian, and when he lived, 
about 1550, they did not have pretty primers and first 
readers like yours, but a few letters or words were printed 
by his mother or teacher on a bit of horn, and he learned 
these; then more were given him. The first book that 
was ever printed with type, and which is dated, so that we 
can be sure of it, was made in 1457, at Mayence. It was 
not till some years later that printing became much used 
in Italy, and even when our little boy was studying, books 
were costly and scarce. 

You can see if you look closely, that his little coat is 
fastened with many buttons, for they had no common pins. 
But instead of button-holes, they used loops of silk cord to 
hold the parts of the coat together. 

How many things you have which this little boy had 
not! Yet he looks quite contented; but then he had 
never heard of the telephone, or the telegraph, or of an 
automobile, or a steamboat, or of a steam engine, or of 
many things which seem necessary to you. 

18 



Portrait of a Boy 

Painted by Paolo Veronese, born 1528, died 1588 




PRINCESS ELEONORA 


T HIS princess was born in Mantua, Italy, about 1550. 
Her father was a noble Prince, and he and his 
family were rulers of Mantua for many years. Like 
so many of the old towns in Italy, Mantua had a great 
wall built all around it, so that it was almost a fortress. 
Even with the wall it has had many misfortunes, and been 
taken many times by different enemies. 

Eleonora belonged to a famous family, the Gonzagas, 
and when you begin to study Italian history you will find 
them mentioned many times. Mantua, where she was 
born, though a small town, was famous for the artists who 
lived and painted there, and a great writer named Virgil 
was born near there. When you read Latin you will read 
some of Virgil’s poems. 

This little girl was taught to read Latin, too, and when 
she was not more than five years old could say some Latin 
verses. Her mother often asked her to say them when 
they had company, and she always did it pleasantly, and 
she danced, too. The old records speak of this, and of 
what a good little girl she was, and of how everybody 
loved her. 

That wreath she has on her hair is made of gold, for 
the Italian goldsmiths were famous for centuries. Even 
artists were glad to learn how to work in gold, and they 
drew lovely patterns of wreaths, and buckles and ornaments. 
Eleonora looks quite prim; but see, she has a ball, too. 


20 



Princess Eleonora of Mantua 

Painted by Porbus the Younger, born 1540, died 1580 



FATHER AND SONS 


W HAT lovely times these three brothers must have 
had playing together! They were German boys, 
and this picture was painted about 1540. 
Except for their gowns they do not look very different 
from little boys of to-day. I know two or three small 
chaps who have their hair cut just like that. Their father 
looks proud of them, don’t you think so? This picture 
hangs in a great picture gallery in St. Petersburg, Russia, 
that land of snow and ice. The name of the gallery is 
the Hermitage, and in it are many splendid paintings from 
all countries, even America. 

There is only one thing about this picture that I do 
not like. I think the boys look too solemn. What do 
you suppose they played? “ Pom-Pom-Pull-Away,” or 
“Duck-on-a-Rock,” or “Tag,” perhaps. If they did not 
play any of these, there is one game I am sure that they 
did play, and that is ball. 

Handball is the oldest game known. It has been 
played by millions of boys and girls all over the world. 
Yet even though a ball seems a simple thing, it was 
“ invented,” once upon a time, by a lady who lived in 
Corcyra, Greece, and when the ball was finished she gave it 
to the little daughter of King Alcinous. Two famous old 
Greek writers, Homer and Herodotus, tell the whole story. 

Do you notice that the smallest boy of all holds a ball 
in his hand? The eldest holds a pink. 



Father and Sons 

Portraits painted by Bartbolomaus de Bruyn , born at Cologne IJ 70 , died about 1560 













EDWARD VI OF ENGLAND 


H OW would you like to have to wear clothes like this 
boy’s, and a dagger dangling down in front? This 
was a prince, named Edward VI, and he was a son 
of that famous King of England, Henry VIII. Edward was 
born in 1537 and only lived to be sixteen years old, so 
although he became king when his father died, he never 
ruled, for he was too young. 

This picture is in the gallery at St. Petersburg, and 
is painted in the Flemish style. Notice how flat and 
white the face looks; it was because they used so little 
shadow on the flesh. When Queen Elizabeth was painted 
(she was this boy’s half-sister) she would not have any 
shadow put on her face at all. This picture belongs to 
the school of Holbein, who was a great and wonderful 
German artist, and though he had died before this was 
painted, the artist who made it followed Holbein’s rule as 
nearly as he could. 

See how carefully the trimming on the cap and cloak 
is copied, and look at that wonderful curtain behind 
young Edward. He has on a doublet and hose, as those 
long stockings were called, and that band just below his 
left knee is the Order of the Garter, the highest order of 
knighthood in Great Britain : the King, Prince of Wales, 
and twenty-five others, called knights, belong to it. 
Foreign princes are sometimes chosen to belong to it, but 
there are seldom more than fifty members at a time. 
Should you like to be one ? 


24 



Edward the Sixth of England , born 1537, died I333 

Painted after the school of Holbein 


















LOUIS XIII 


KING OF FRANCE AND NAVARRE 


T HIS boy is a king, the son of that famous King Henry 
of Navarre, who used to wear on his helmet a white 
plume, so that his soldiers could always tell where he 
was on the battlefield. 

Louis XIII was born in 1601, and as his father died, 
he was declared of age in 1614, when he was only thirteen 
years old. Before that time his mother ruled for him; 
but when he was thirteen he became king himself, and with 
the help of his ministers that is, councillors—he ruled the 
kingdom, made all the laws, and, I am sorry to say, did 
many cruel things. It is not known who painted this por¬ 
trait, but I think it is a pleasant one, and I do not think 
he was much over thirteen when it was painted. It looks 
as if he had on a skirt, does it not? But garments like 
this were called trunks, and were worn by men in many 
countries for many, many years. The little coat he has on 
is a doublet, and is much stuffed out in front; this style 
was known as the “peascod.” Did you ever hear such a 
funny name for a coat? 

The hanger to his sword is of rich gold-work, and the 
“roses,” or rosettes, on his shoes, as well as his gorget ruff 
and his cuffs, are edged with fine lace. This king had 
one of the greatest statesmen that ever lived to help him 
rule. His name was Richelieu, but he was, in many ways, 
not a good man. 


26 


Louis XIII, King of France and Navarre 



By an unknown Artist 
















PRINCE FREDERICK OF URBINO 


W HO do you think this little boy is? 

Why, he is little Baby Frederick, grown to be 
a great tall boy, four years old. You see he 
looks so different from what he did as a baby, that mamma 
wanted another picture of him. See what he holds in his 
hands: a ball in one, and a ping-pong racket in the other! 
How funny! I thought ping-pong was a new game, and 
yet this little boy played it nearly three hundred years 
ago. 


I am afraid that he could not run very fast in that 
sort of coat, all trimmed with gold braid. Do you see 
any frogs in the picture? I do, fourteen! They call 
those things that fasten his coat together, frogs. I like 
them better than the kind of frogs that live in a pool. 

His shoes do not look as if they would pinch him, 
and as for stockings, they must have been made of a plain 
piece of cloth sewed up the back; for such stockings as 
we wear were not made till 1816, although they could 
weave plain webbing about the time this baby was born. 
But it had to be sewed into shape just like cloth. 

The city of Urbino, where Frederick was born, is a 
very beautiful town in Italy. It has a high wall all around 
it which was built hundreds of years ago. One of the 
greatest painters that ever lived, named Raphael, was 
born at Urbino, in 1483. 


28 



INC'DVTRJV D1 F/r A D'A'NN 1 V>0 i 1 0 0' 7 


Prince Frederick of Urbino, born 16 oj 

Painted by Federigo Barroccio, Roman painter, born 1528, died 1612 




















DON BALTASAR CARLOS 


H ERE is another portrait of a Spanish prince, called 
Don Carlos. This one was born nearly one 
hundred years after the one with the cross face. 
See how much pleasanter this one looks. 

This prince’s father was Philip IV. of Spain, and Don 
Baltasar Carlos was his only son. He did not live to be 
king, for he died when he was seventeen years old, and his 
father was still on the throne. 

I want you to look particularly at this portrait, 
because it was painted by one of the greatest artists that 
ever lived. His name was Diego de Silva, and to this 
name he added that of his mother, Velasquez, and it is by 
this name that he is best known. He was “court painter,” 
to Philip IV, the father of our little boy, and painted forty 
portraits of him. He also painted many pictures of Don 
Baltasar and his sisters, and all of them are very beautiful. 

In those days (Don Baltasar Carlos was born in 
1629, and died in 1646) the children were dressed in very 
fussy clothes. All that light-coloured trimming is gold 
braid, that band coming over his shoulder held up his 
sword, and those rosettes at his knees were lace. Poor 
little chap, think how his sword must have been in the 
way if he wanted to run, and I am quite sure he never 
could have climbed a fence! 

Still, he looks happy; he had a pony; perhaps he 
liked to ride that. 


3 ° 



Don Baltasar Carlos, born in Spain 1629, died there, 1696 

Painted by Velasquez, born fjpp, died 1660 







INFANTA MARIA THERESA 


T HIS is a picture of the sister of Don Baltasar Carlos, 
and was painted by the same great artist, Velas¬ 
quez, who painted her brother’s portrait. 

If we thought that Don Baltasar had a hard time 
playing, what do you suppose Maria Theresa could do ? 
Think how her poor head must have ached when it was 
all braided and twisted, and tied up like that, and then 
was stuck full of ribbons, and feathers, and dangling things! 
Anyway she did not have to wear a hat. Those great 
hoops that held out her dress were called fardingales, and 
the waist of her dress had bits of wood sewed in, so that 
she had to sit up very straight. See, she had two watches; 
I should think one would have been enough. 

Maria Theresa grew up, even though her clothes must 
have been a torment, and was married to Louis XIV of 
France, who was known as “the Sun King,” because he 
loved to have everything about him so grand and gay. 

They lived much of the time at a beautiful palace 
near Paris, called Versailles, where there were splendid 
gardens with flowers, and fountains, and grassy walks, and 
woods. At night they used to have these gardens all 
lighted up with lanterns, and hidden in the trees were 
bands of musicians who played and sang. Yet with all 
these things, poor Maria Theresa was not happy, for 
although the king was very great, he was not very kind to 
her. Very few great queens have been happy. 

32 



Infanta Maria Theresa , born in Spain l6j8 , died in France 1683 

Portrait painted by Diego de Silva Velasquez, born in Spain ijpp, died there, 1660 

















BLOWING BUBBLES 


T HIS very pretty picture was painted by a famous 
Dutch artist in 1670. If you look carefully at 
the bottom of the picture you will see where he 
painted in the date. 

Why does not that little boy blow the bubble very 
gently, so that it would float away? If he had, it might 
have floated out of the picture, and then we should not 
have seen it, and that would have been a pity. 

There are some pretty sea-shells on the window-sill; 
perhaps mamma had taken the children to the sea-shore to 
gather them. In Holland where these children lived there 
are very pretty watering-places, where the people go in 
summer to bathe in the sea and sit on the beach. 

Little brother in the background is very busy blowing 
up the soapy water in a saucer. You might think that he 
had a pipe to blow his bubbles with, but it is only a split 
straw, and it is very hard work to make bubbles with such 
a thing, for I have tried it. Some day you might try it, just 
for fun. I think you will go back to a pipe pretty soon. 

When I look at the boy with the cap, I notice that 
he has a lace necktie, and then I remember how much 
beautiful lace has been made in Holland. Did you know 
that children used to make it, and do to-day as well ? 
Sometimes they are taught to do so when they are not 
more than four years old. 


34 



Blowing Bubbles 

Painted by Caspar Netscber, Dutch painter, born i6jg, died 1684 
















CHILDREN OF CHARLES I OF 
ENGLAND 


W HAT a happy family this seems! and it was happy 
for many years; but at the last the children’s father, 
King Charles, was beheaded in London, because 
the English people did not like the way he ruled, and the 
men that he chose for his friends. For several years before 
his death he was fighting to regain his throne, but he was 
defeated. 

When 1 see this picture, I always wonder what sort 
of games these children played. Not tag, for they would 
have tripped in those long skirts, I think, and not blind- 
man’s buff, for their stiff silk frocks would have rustled so 
that you could hear where they went. Perhaps they 
played stage-coach, for that is a sit-down game, and besides 
they knew all about stage-coaches, for those were the things 
that they had to use when they went travelling. 

The mother of these children was Queen Henrietta 
Maria, of France; a very sad time she had too, trying to help 
their father. She went to Holland to see if the Dutch 
people would not help her, but they had affairs of their 
own on hand, and could not. Finally she went back to 
France, her old home, but she came back to England when 
the King was imprisoned, tried for treason, and killed. 

This picture was painted by that great artist named Van 
Dyck, o'f whom I have spoken before, and was one of many 
that he painted of this family, and of the King and Queen. 

36 



Children of Charles I 

Painted by /Tan Dyck, born 1599, died 1641 















CHARLES II OF ENGLAND 


T HIS is a picture of the boy who became Charles II, 
King of England. He was born in London, in 1630, 
and when he was but sixteen had to fly from Eng¬ 
land, for his father had been put into prison. Young 
Charles wandered about in France and Holland during the 
years when he was not allowed to come home; but after 
his father had been killed he returned and was crowned 
king in Scotland. He went to England with a small army, 
but was defeated at a great battle which was fought at the 
city of Worcester. 

He managed to escape, though his army was defeated, 
and for a month he hardly knew from one moment to an¬ 
other what would become of him. He hid in all kinds of 
places, was often hungry and cold, and at last escaped to 
France. 

Though for some years more he was an exile from 
home, he at last overcame his enemies and was crowned 
king, and reigned for nearly twenty-five years. So you see 
his struggles came to an end at last. 

This picture was painted when he was about ten years 
old, and he is wearing a suit of armour. Mercy, I should 
think his mother would have been worried to have him 
hold that pistol! Suppose it should have gone off! That 
queer-looking thing on the table is a helmet, or casque, 
and is made to wear on the head in battle. All those 
feathers are put on the top of it; how queer it looks! 

38 



Charles II of England, horn in London 16JO and died there, l68j 

Portrait painted by Anthony Van Dyck, born 1599, died 1641 






GEORGE VILLIERS 

SECOND DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM, AND HIS BROTHER 

I T is hard to say which was the more famous, the two 
children you see in this portrait, or the man who 
painted them. The taller of the two children was 
George, who was born in London in 1627. When he grew 
up he became one of the councillors of the King. He was 
a great and powerful noble, and he was a writer also. So 
you see he must have studied hard when he was a boy. 

The artist who painted the picture was named Anthony 
Van Dyck, and he was born in Antwerp in 1599. He was 
but forty-two when he died, but left behind him some of 
the finest pictures in the world. He painted many por¬ 
traits, some lovely pictures of children, and some pictures 
of saints and holy families. So you see, he too worked 
hard, to become so great in his way. Although he was 
born in Holland, he did his best work in England, where 
he lived the last years of his life, and where he was made 
“court painter,”—that is, he was appointed to paint por¬ 
traits of the King and all his family. You remember I told 
you that they had no photographs in those days. 

The way these children are dressed is called “Van Dyck 
style,” for he loved to paint such clothes. And only fancy, 
it was regulated by law how many “slashes” you could 
have in your coat. “Slashes” are those slits in the sleeves. 
Which would you rather be, a great painter or a statesman? 


40 



George Villiers, second Duke of Buckingham, and his Brother. George was 
born in London l62J> died in Yorkshire , 1688 

•Portraits painted by Anthony Van Dyck , born 1599, died 1641 













PORTRAIT OF A GIRL 


«y^^>HERRY RIPE” would be a good name for this 
1 a picture; don’t you think so? See, the parrot 
likes the cherries as well as the little maid herself. 

I wonder why she did not put her shoes on; perhaps 
she liked to run out in the rain bare-footed, like most 
children nowadays. 

It looks as if it must have taken some time to make all 
those curls; I hope nurse did not pull very hard when she 
was doing it. 

The artist who painted “Cherry Ripe” was a Dutchman 
and his real name was Peter van der Faes. When William 
of Orange came to England to take possession of the English 
throne in 1689, Peter came with him, and changed his 
name to Peter Lely, and he was made knight for his fine 
work, and so was called Sir Peter Lely. 

For thirty years he painted in England with all the 
famous men and lovely ladies of the time as his sitters. He 
tried to paint as much like Van Dyck as he could, for he 
admired that great artist exceedingly. He painted so many 
portraits that he became very wealthy and had a beautiful 
house. He was particularly noted for the beautiful way in 
which he drew and painted hands, which are very difficult 
to do. You will notice that the little girl’s hands arc 
pretty. So are her feet; she had never worn shoes that 
pinched her, so each toe is nice and round as it should be, 
and they are not crumpled up together. 


42 



Portrait of Young Girl 

Painted by Sir Peter Lely, born in Holland i6iy, died in London 1680 









BOY AND DOG 


T HIS is a portrait of some boy who lived about two 
hundred years ago. It is always pleasant to look 
at such a picture and to see what good friends the 
dog and his master were. I wonder what kind of dog it 
was! a coach-dog I think, for he looks so spotted. I think 
that he looks, too, as if he liked to sit for his picture, if 
his little master would keep patting him. 

How would you like to wear a thing like that around 
your neck? It must have been very stiff and scratchy, 
and this particular kind of ruff was called a gorget. They 
were worn by men, women and children, and were starched 
very stiff and made into those wavy curves by a kind of 
stick, called a poking-stick. When you had one of these 
on there was no sitting crumpled up in a heap. You had 
to hold your back straight. At one time these ruffs were 
made so wide that spoons had to have handles two feet 
long to get over them. Just fancy what a work it must 
have been to eat your soup! As for bread and milk, I 
don’t know how they managed that at all. 

The coat the boy wears is a doublet, and though his 
is made of velvet, coats were made for every-day of cloth 
and even of leather. 

See, he wears a sword, and perhaps a fencing-master 
came every day to teach him how to use it. Would you 
like that? 


44 



Boy and Dog 

Painted by S. Bom be lli, born in Italy 1635, died 1724. 











“UNKNOWN PRINCESSES” 


T HE two little girls who are in this picture are called 
the “Unknown Princesses,” because their names 
have been forgotten, the picture was painted so 
long ago. I really believe that they were twin sisters, for 
see, they are just the same size, and look so much alike that 
I think only their mother and father could tell them apart. 
One seems to have white flowers in her cap, and the other 
has blue ones; otherwise they are dressed just alike, too. 

I hope the dove never tried to fly away, for I think 
that string about its neck would hurt it. I think it was 
very tame, and would have liked to eat the berries on the 
twig which one princess holds in her hand. 

Just notice what lovely aprons they have on, all made 
of lace. This was a very famous kind of lace which was 
made only in France, long, long ago. At first people did 
not like it very well, but King Louis XIV made a rule 
that it must be worn by French people, and so the people 
who went to court had it on their clothes, and much money 
which had gone to other countries to buy lace was now 
spent in France, and helped to make the country prosper¬ 
ous. Finally after King Louis died, other laces were 
liked better, and nobody would buy this kind, so that they 
stopped making it, over a hundred years ago. 

Even the artist who painted this picture is forgotten, 

too. 

46 



Portrait supposed to have been painted by A. S. Belle, born 1674, died 1734 



THE PRINCESS AND THE 
MARQUIS 

T HIS picture always makes me laugh, and I will tell 
you why. These are not two girls at all, but a 
boy and a girl! Think of a boy dressed up like 
that, with a cap with feathers in it and a girl’s frock! You 
see that he is pointing to the trees behind him; perhaps he 
feels like running away to hide. How sweet the little girl 
looks, and the parrot seems tame; not as if it would bite. 

These children lived in France when King Louis XIV 
was on the throne. It was the fashion to dress girls like 
their mothers, and little boys were dressed like girls, as 
you see. 

I wonder how you would like to have lived then; I 
think it would have been very stupid. When our little 
Princess went down stairs she had two men, called lackeys 
to help her down, so that she should not fall. When she 
went to ride she had to wear a mask of velvet over her 
face, so that she should not get sunburned or dusty. She 
was not allowed to run and play, for fear she should spoil 
her fine clothes. Every day the dancing master came and 
taught her to dance, and some one taught her to read, and 
perhaps she learned to play on the spinnet, which was a 
kind of piano. Just think how little she knew! 

As for the boys, when they got rid of the skirts they 
were taught to ride, to use a sword, to make a bow, some¬ 
times to write, and not much else. 

48 



The Princess and the Marquis 

Painted by A. S. Belle, born in France 1674, died there, 1734 













PORTRAIT OF A YOUNG GIRL 


H OW often I have looked at this picture and wondered 
who the little girl was, where she lived, what was 
her name, and why she had on that robe and veil. 
The artist who painted her was a famous French painter 
who lived in Brussels, and painted in what was called the 
Flemish school—that is, the way the Flemish artists painted. 

I think our little maid looks as good as gold, don’t 
you? She does not look as if she would ever romp about 
and tear and soil her clothes, or get her hair mussed and 
put nurse to the trouble of curling it again. I think the 
real story of the unknown maiden was like this. In olden 
times, when there were not as many schools as we have 
now, many little girls were sent to convents to be edu¬ 
cated, where the Sisters taught them. 

Sometimes, if the little girl were of high or noble birth, 
she would be made an Abbess—that is, the chief sister of 
all, and when she grew up, she would really have a con¬ 
vent to take care of. Then again, if the parents died, the 
daughter might be sent to a convent, and would become 
what was called a novice, that is, would study to be a 
Sister. I think from her dress that this is the picture of a 
little novice, and that she is dressed in blue and white. 
Perhaps when she grew up she taught other small girls, 
and was very patient and kind with them. 

5 ° 



Portrait of a Young Girl 

Painted by Philippe de Champaigne, born in Brussels 1602, died there, 1674 




PRINCE RUPERT 


H OW do you like Prince Rupert? 

He was not very old when this picture was taken 
—about twelve, for he was born in 1619, at 
Prague, a great city of the Austrian Empire. 

Rupert grew up to be a splendid soldier; just let me 
tell you a few things he did. He fought in the Thirty 
Years’ War; he led a cavalry regiment in the English army; 
he was a Commander in the English navy; and he fought 
against the Dutch. 

Besides all this he was governor of the Hudson Bay 
Company, a great company made up in England to buy 
furs and skins from the American Indians, and he studied 
chemistry, and he learned to make engravings—that is, cut 
pictures on copper or steel, so that they may be printed. 
He did not waste his time, did he? 

Prince Rupert lived to be sixty-three years old, and, 
as you see, a learned man. I think that he was kind to 
animals, for see how fond the dog seems of him, just a plain 
cur, too. But these dogs are often very clever, and learn 
tricks very easily, like walking on their hind legs, and 
jumping through hoops; you sometimes see them at the 
circus. 

Notice the chain Prince Rupert has on. It was made 
in Venice, and only persons of high rank wore them over 
one shoulder and under the arm. The strap beside it is a 
“hanger,” to keep his sword on. 



Prince Rupert , born at Prague l6l(p y died 1682 

Portrait by Anthony Van Dyck, born at Antwerp died at London 1641 


















INFANT PHILIPP PROSPER 


H ERE is another dear little boy, with long clothes on 
just like a girl’s. He carries his toys about with 
him, so that they cannot get lost, and I think 
it is a good way, for toys so often get stepped on when 
they are left on the floor. Philipp has a coral, but not 
such a pretty one as Don Garzia’s, which is a beautiful pink 
in colour. Philipp also has a bell and some other little toy, 
besides those which go on a string over his shoulder. What 
do you think they are ? 

Even though he has these toys, I am sure he likes best 
to play with that gentle little white spaniel which is sitting 
in the chair, don’t you, Philipp? Don Garzia was an Ital¬ 
ian boy, and the Infant Philipp was a Spaniard, and he was 
not born till nearly a hundred years after Don Garzia; yet 
you see that they both were great pets, since their parents 
wished their pictures. 

At the time when this little boy lived Spain was a rich 
and powerful country, and her people were known all 
over the world. Two of the greatest artists who ever lived 
—Velasquez, who painted this picture, and Murillo, who 
painted many very lovely ones also—were alive and work¬ 
ing hard, and at the court were to be seen great nobles, who 
were very splendid in the richest velvets, gold and silver 
laces, and many jewels. We should not know what to do 
if we had to be dressed like Spanish Grandees to-day. 

54 



Infant Philipp Prosper 


Painted by Velasquez, born ijgg, died 1660 








CHARLES-LOUIS OF FRANCE 


C HARLES-LOUIS was the eldest son of Louis XV, 
King of France. He was called the Dauphin, which 
means heir to the throne. He never became king, 
however, for he died before his father. 

I think he liked to study, for he is pointing to a great 
globe. It was the one they used to teach him geography. 
Perhaps he liked to draw, too, for I see on the floor behind 
him a picture with men on horseback. I wonder if he 
drew it. There are great books at his feet that look to 
me as if they had very hard lessons in them, like long 
words to spell or history to learn. 

Charles-Louis was just ten years old when this picture 
was painted, and besides the everyday lessons such as 
you and I have to-day, he was taught astronomy and 
learned all about the stars, and he was taught to ride a 
horse, for that was the way most of the travelling was done 
when he lived, for they had no steam cars, no steam¬ 
boats, only horses and sailboats to carry them about on 
land or sea. 

He was also taught to use a sword, to dance, to make 
a bow,—and just see how nicely he turns out his toes. 
All his nice soft hair is brushed back and hidden away 
under a wig, which has white powder on it, and is hot and 
heavy, and on top of it when he went out he wore a little 
hat turned up on three sides. 

56 



Cbarles-Louis of France , born 1729, died 1765 

Portrait painted by J. L. Tocque, born i6p6, died 1772 













PORTRAIT OF A CHILD 


W HAT do you think this little girl’s name could 
have been? Perhaps it was Gretchen, or Saskia, 
or Annetje, or Katrina, for she was probably a 
Dutch girl, for Peter Paul Rubens who painted her was a 
Dutchman himself, and loved to paint his country-folk. 

Anyway, whoever she was she was a happy little person, 
and I am sure it must have been a warm day when Rubens 
said to her, “Come here, little one, and sit still while I 
paint thee. Thou shalt have a groat and a bunch of cher¬ 
ries, if thou wilt sit very still.” The reason I know it 
was warm, is because Gretchen’s hair is twisted up into a 
tight little knot on the top of her head, so that it will not 
feel so warm on her neck. Does mother fix yours like that 
in summer days? 

Gretchen is smiling at the mere idea of those cherries, 
and I should think she would, for the cherries are so large 
and so sweet in Holland that it makes me smile too when 
I think of them. Around Gretchen’s neck is a string of 
coral beads, of a pretty, pale red. You often see Dutch 
children wearing them, and sometimes the string belonged to 
their grandmother, and she wore it and then gave it to her 
daughter, and so it was handed down. 

The Dutch are a very careful and industrious people; 
they were the first to use thimbles, handkerchiefs, shirts, 
and many other things that we could not do without 


now. 


58 



Portrait of a Child 

Painted by Peter Paul Rubens, born in Holland 1577, died there, 1640 





JAMES STUART AND HIS SISTER 

J AMES STUART was the son of King James II, of 
England, and was sometimes called the Chevalier de 
St. George. He was not very fortunate, and spent 
most of his life in exile. When he grew up he was called 
the “Old Pretender,” because many people thought that 
he had no claims to the throne of England which had 
been his father’s. The little girl with him was his sister 
Louisa. 

Children did not have as many toys to play with, 
when James Stuart and Louisa were young, as they have 
now, so they almost always had animals and birds of their 
own. How fond the hound seems of James, showing that 
he must have been kind to him. Just back of Louisa I 
see a little King Charles spaniel, and on the orange tree is 
a parrot. 

I hope Louisa had a doll or two, and some picture 
books to amuse herself with, for with that long dress 
she must have had to move pretty slowly so as not to 
trip up. The cap she has on was called a fontange, be¬ 
cause the lady who first wore one was named Mademoi¬ 
selle Fontange. She got her hair rumpled while she was 
out riding, and to cover it up, tied her handkerchief over 
it. Everybody thought it looked pretty and tied up their 
hair in the same way, and this kind of cap became very 
fashionable. James lived to be almost eighty years old; he 
was about ten when this picture was made. 

60 



James Stuart a?id his sister Louisa. James was born in 1688 and 

died in IJ 66 


Painted by Nicolas de Largillilre, born 1656, died 1746 







THE ARTIST’S SONS 



HAT a happy picture! 

How pleased the father of these two dear little 


boys must have been to paint them, as they sat 


on the door-step, and looked at the picture book together. 
See, big brother has the book in his hands, and is turning 
over the leaves very carefully, so that they shall not get 
torn, and I am sure he is telling all the pretty stories to 
little brother. 

I should not wonder if papa painted the pictures in the 
book for them, as when these children lived there were not 
so many books as you and I have to-day, and none with such 
pretty coloured pictures. I see a bear, and a fish, and a 
donkey with baskets on his back, and some birds, in the 
book. Can you make them out too? 

Big brother has on a fine pair of shoes with buckles, 
but little brother is barefooted. I hope he won’t get a 
splinter in his foot when he begins to play horse again. 
How do I know that he has been playing horse? Why, 
see the whip in his hand. He is tired and warm, and glad 
to sit down for a bit and listen to a story, while papa 
sketches him. 

These children lived nearly one hundred years ago, 
in Dresden, Germany, and this picture hangs to-day in 
the famous gallery in that city, where there are so many 
splendid pictures. Perhaps you will see them some day 
when you go to Europe. 


62 



'The Artist's Sons 


Painted by Christian Vogel, born in Germany 1759, died there, 1816 









MOTHER AND CHILD 


T HIS pretty young lady is the mother of the little girl 
that she holds in her arms, and is also the artist 
who painted the picture. You will wonder how she 
painted herself, I know. She sat in front of a looking- 
glass, and took a look at herself, and then painted a bit; 
then looked again, and painted a bit more; and so on 
till the picture was finished. a. 

The artist was a Frenchwoman, and lived for many 
years in Paris, where she painted a large number of 
pictures and portraits. Among them were some of poor 
Queen Marie Antoinette and her children. When that 
dreadful French war, called the Revolution, broke out, 
Madame LeBrun went away from France, and travelled in 
different countries, always painting wherever she went 
lovely portraits, often of royal people. Among other 
countries she went to Russia, expecting to stay but a few 
months, but so happy was she there that she stayed for 
years. When she returned to Paris, her little girl had 
grown up to be a woman too. 

Madame LeBrun lived to be eighty-seven years old, and 
painted during her long life over six hundred and fifty 
portraits and two hundred landscapes. Think how busily 
she worked; she could not have wasted her time, I am 
sure. She belonged to many art societies all over Europe, 
and to several of them she sent pictures of herself and her 
daughter. I like to see this picture; the mother and 
daughter look so happy together; don’t you think so? 

64 



Portraits of Madame Le Brun and daughter. Painted by Madame he Brun, born in Paris in IJS5, 

died there, 1842 





CHARLES DE FRANCE AND 
MARIE ADELAIDE 


T HE little boy’s name was Charles Philippe, Comte 
d’Artois, and he was born in France. When he 
grew up he became king, but went through many 
misfortunes, and finally was driven away from his home 
and his throne, and died in exile in Austria. The little 
girl beside him is his sister Marie Adelaide. How com¬ 
fortably she seems to sit on that goat! I think he must 
have been trained to carry children. Charles has some 
twigs for him in his hand, a reward, perhaps, if he behaves 
well. 

The children seem to be in a garden; I think it may 
be the one at Versailles, for Charles was born there. In 
this wonderful garden, which was like fairyland, was a 
small village with rustic bridges, and a tiny mill, and little 
ponds, and some pretty cottages built like Swiss houses. 
Here the king and queen came to play,—yes, really to 
play. They learned how to churn and make butter and 
cheese, and they dressed like dairy-maids and millers, and 
tried to forget the heavy crowns that they had to wear on 
great occasions. But they could not play long, for they 
had to go back to the great palace. Louis XVI was the 
eldest brother of these children. 

Marie Adelaide has some fruit in her basket; maybe 
they are going to have a picnic. They look happy, and as 
if they were going to have a good time, don’t you think 
so? Do you ever go on picnics? 

66 


Charles de France and Marie Adelaide de France. 

in IJ57 and died in l8j6 


Charles was born 



Painted by Drouais, born 1727, died 1775 




LOUIS XVII, OF FRANCE 


P OOR Louis! I think that he looks sad, even though 
he was the son of a king and queen, and became 
heir to the throne of France. His father was Louis 
XVI, and his mother Queen Marie Antoinette, and when 
a great war, called the Revolution, broke out in France, 
the king and queen were first imprisoned, and then lost 
their lives. 

They were shut up in a gloomy place called The 
Temple, and they were cruelly treated in many ways. It is 
not known precisely what became of this prince, for some 
people think that he managed to escape and come to 
America, but most historians say that he died in prison. 
I should like to think that he escaped and came over here, 
should not you? 

Before the Revolution broke out, the children of King 
Louis and Queen Marie Antoinette lived very happy lives. 
They romped and played in the beautiful gardens at 
Versailles which I have told about before, and they had 
wonderful toys, and ponies and dogs, and even monkeys to 
make them merry. It was Queen Marie Antoinette who 
built a dear little palace in the grounds at Versailles, and it 
was her Swiss dairy, and little mill, and rustic bridges which 
are so pretty. What fun the children must have had play¬ 
ing there! Perhaps they ground wheat into flour, and 
made little pats of butter, and sailed boats in the foun¬ 
tains. That star which Louis has on his coat was only 
worn by royalty. 


68 



Louis XLII, born 1785 at Versailles, died 1795 

After Kocbarsky 


NAPOLEON II, KING OF ROME 


C HARLES LOUIS NAPOLEON BONAPARTE 
was this baby’s name, and when he was born his 
father was Emperor of the French, and called him 
beside, King of Rome. This was in 1811, and in a few 
years the baby’s father was sent away from France, to live 
on a lonely island, and the little Napoleon, who was some¬ 
times called the Eaglet, never saw his father again. 

He went to live in Austria with his grandfather, and as 
he was no longer King of Rome, they called him Due de 
Reichstadt, and changed his name from Charles Louis to 
Franz Joseph. 

He grew up a lonely boy, for his father and mother 
were both away from him, and he studied very hard, so that 
he was not very strong. The thing that he loved best to 
do was to ride on horseback, and he chose the wildest 
horses he could get, and would ride and ride for hours, all 
about the country near his home. When he was still very 
young his grandfather gave him a regiment of soldiers to 
train, and he taught them to drill, to march, to run “double 
quick,” and all the other things that a soldier has to know 
how to do. Should you like a regiment of your own to 
teach, or would you rather be in a regiment? 

Franz Joseph, as he was called, worked so hard train¬ 
ing his soldiers and breaking horses, that he was taken 
sick and died when he was only twenty-one. Poor little 
Eaglet! 


70 



Napoleon II, King of Rome 

Painted by Baron Francois Pascal Girard , born iffO, died 18Jf 





ALEXANDRINA VICTORIA 


W HO do you think this cunning little girl is? You 
would never guess, I am sure. She grew up to 
be a great queen, and her name was Victoria, 
Queen of England and Empress of India. When this pic¬ 
ture was painted she was only four years old, and I think 
that her nurse had wrapped her up very warm to go out 
to play, even putting on her leggings and overshoes. Vic¬ 
toria was born in 1819, and she was crowned queen in 
1838. She had a very long reign, and she was one of the 
few great queens who have had happy lives. 

Although she was Queen of England, she did not live 
in London; but her favourite home was at Windsor, a 
splendid palace, centuries old, not many miles from Lon¬ 
don. She had other homes, too, and the one where she 
went most often was in the Highlands of Scotland, and 
was called Balmoral Castle. All her children loved this 
place, too, and they had happy times fishing and hunting, 
and wandering through the lovely woods, where flowers 
grew, and where the wild deer came down to the brooks 
to drink. 

Queen Victoria, besides ruling vast possessions in many 
parts of the world, found time to learn several languages, 
to paint pictures, to write books, and to bring up a large 
family of children. 

When you study English history you will learn how many 
wise things she did for England, as well as for her colonies. 

7 2 



Alexandrina Victoria, 'Queen of England, born in London l8ig, and died 
in the Isle of Wight, IQOI 


Portrait painted by S. P. Denning, born in England 1795, died there 1864 










PHILIP SANSON, JUNIOR 

Y OU have to read what it says at the top of this page 
twice, before you can really believe that this cun¬ 
ning baby is a boy. What a fine time he is having 
in the garden, picking his chubby hands full of pansies for 
mamma! Now he thinks that he will get a rose; take care 
Philip! roses have thorns, and you may prick yourself. 

I hope mamma told you that you could pick the flow¬ 
ers, and that she will not feel sorry when she sees you. 

That funny sort of frock he has on is called a pinafore; 
it is open up the sides that Philip may run if he wants to; 
so that he is better off than some of the other children we 
have seen, who could hardly take a step in their clothes. 

Do you know what the word Junior, after Philip’s 
name, means? It shows that he was named after somebody 
who was still alive when this picture was painted: his father, 
perhaps, or his grandfather or uncle. When the time 
comes that he is the only one of that name, he will not 
use the word Junior anymore, for it is a Latin word which 
means, the younger. 

Have you noticed how many kinds of flowers are in 
the picture? I find four: the sweet pink roses, the pansies 
which Philip has in his hand, some bluebells near his feet, 
and a honeysuckle vine which hangs above his head. Do 
you love flowers? 


74 



Philip Sanson, 'Jr. 

Portrait painted by Richard We stall, born in England 1765, died 1836 










MARIANNA AUGUSTA COCKBURN 


M Y, my, what a long name for a small girl! 

Do you think that they called her Marianna 
Augusta every day, or just when she was naughty? 
I wonder if the kid had a name too, and what it was. 
Marianna seems good to-day, though I fancy that she got 
tired kneeling so long to have her picture painted. As for 
the kid, I do not see how they got him to stand still at all. 
Perhaps he had something to nibble. Marianna’s father 
was a great sailor, an admiral—that is, one who commands 
a whole fleet of ships. He sailed the seas- in many direc¬ 
tions, and won many victories, and once he sailed over here 
to America, and in the year 1814 he helped to capture the 
City of Washington, where our President lives, but the 
English did not keep it long, and we soon won it back, 
and have kept it ever since. 

Marianna Augusta was Admiral Cockburn’s only little 
daughter, and it is easy to see that he was very fond of her. 
Sometimes he did not come home for many months, when 
he was “on duty”—that is, sailing about with the English 
ships—and I should not be surprised if Marianna’s mother 
had this portrait painted to surprise him when he got home. 
So this is no doubt the reason why Marianna kept nice 
and still, so that the artist did not have much trouble in 
painting her. 

Do you like to sit still? 



Marianna Augusta Cockburn 


Painted by Arthur William Devis, born in London 1763, died 1822 




























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